Climate and Weather (Doug Nychka, organizer)


Jeffrey L. Anderson (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
Data Assimilation for Weather and Climate Models with Ensemble Filters

Friday 2:00-2:30, Fountain II

Abstract:

Data assimilation combines information from observations and model predictions to produce estimates of the state of the atmosphere. These estimates can be used as initial conditions for subsequent forecasts and studied to learn more about physical processes in the atmosphere. There is also growing interest in using assimilation to assist in model development by confronting models with observations and studying systematic errors. For many applications like numerical weather prediction, both the model state vectors and the number of observations to be assimilated are very large. Being able to assimilate millions of observations in models with millions of state variables is essential.

Simple methods for data assimilation can be developed by using Monte Carlo methods, Bayes rule, and a prediction model. These methods can be decomposed into two parts: how does a direct observation of a single variable impact a prior ensemble estimate of that variable?; how should these changes to a single observed variable impact prior estimates of a single unobserved variable? Ensemble algorithms to solve these problems are straightforward but must be augmented to deal with sampling error arising from the use of small ensembles. An overview of the ensemble filter assimilation testbed at NCAR is presented. Results from an assimilation of observations used for operational numerical weather prediction in an atmospheric general circulation model are used to demonstrate the performance of the ensemble assimilation algorithms in large problems.


Steve Sain (CU Denver)
Assessments of Climate Change using Regional Climate Models

Friday 2:30-3:00, Fountain II

Abstract:

The U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan has recognized the need for regional climate modeling to assess climate impacts. This is the focus of the newly formed North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) that seeks to examine a number of regional climate-change scenarios based on a collection of regional climate models (RCMs) with boundary conditions defined by atmosphere ocean general circulation models (GCMs). Over the next several years, this program will use as many as four GCMs and six RCMs to produce a range of model output over a region of North America. Our ultimate goal is to provide a general framework for synthesizing this model output to obtain estimates of climate change and examine sources of variation attributable to RCM, the GCM, and the downscaling from the GCM to the RCM. However, in the initial phase of the program, we are interested in understanding the behavior of regional climate models with respect to precipitation and temperature by examining these variables individually, jointly, as well as with respect to extremes. In this talk, through the specification of a (multivariate) spatial hierarchical model structure, we will take a close look at the output of the MM5 regional climate model over the western United States. Using a scernario that includes a 1% annual increase in greenhouse gasses, we seek to explore how the modeled climate compares to observed climate and changes over time.



Doug Nychka (National Center for Atmospheric Research)
Discussant

Friday 3:00-3:30, Fountain II